Your IP : 216.73.217.77
# Laravel CTE
[](https://github.com/staudenmeir/laravel-cte/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
[](https://codecov.io/gh/staudenmeir/laravel-cte)
[](https://scrutinizer-ci.com/g/staudenmeir/laravel-cte/?branch=master)
[](https://packagist.org/packages/staudenmeir/laravel-cte)
[](https://packagist.org/packages/staudenmeir/laravel-cte/stats)
[](https://github.com/staudenmeir/laravel-cte/blob/master/LICENSE)
This Laravel extension adds support for common table expressions (CTE) to the query builder and Eloquent.
Supports Laravel 5.5+.
## Compatibility
- MySQL 8.0+
- MariaDB 10.2+
- PostgreSQL 9.4+
- SQLite 3.8.3+
- SQL Server 2008+
- Oracle 9.2+
- SingleStore 8.1+
- Firebird
## Installation
composer require staudenmeir/laravel-cte:"^1.0"
Use this command if you are in PowerShell on Windows (e.g. in VS Code):
composer require staudenmeir/laravel-cte:"^^^^1.0"
## Versions
| Laravel | Package |
|:--------|:--------|
| 11.x | 1.11 |
| 10.x | 1.9 |
| 9.x | 1.6 |
| 8.x | 1.5 |
| 7.x | 1.4 |
| 6.x | 1.2 |
| 5.8 | 1.1 |
| 5.5–5.7 | 1.0 |
## Usage
- [SELECT Queries](#select-queries)
- [Recursive Expressions](#recursive-expressions)
- [Materialized Expressions](#materialized-expressions)
- [Custom Columns](#custom-columns)
- [Cycle Detection](#cycle-detection)
- [INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE Queries](#insertupdatedelete-queries)
- [Eloquent](#eloquent)
- [Recursive Relationships](#recursive-relationships)
- [Package Conflicts](#package-conflicts)
- [Lumen](#lumen)
### SELECT Queries
Use `withExpression()` and provide a query builder instance, an SQL string or a closure:
```php
$posts = DB::table('p')
->select('p.*', 'u.name')
->withExpression('p', DB::table('posts'))
->withExpression('u', function ($query) {
$query->from('users');
})
->join('u', 'u.id', '=', 'p.user_id')
->get();
```
#### Recursive Expressions
Use `withRecursiveExpression()` for recursive expressions:
```php
$query = DB::table('users')
->whereNull('parent_id')
->unionAll(
DB::table('users')
->select('users.*')
->join('tree', 'tree.id', '=', 'users.parent_id')
);
$tree = DB::table('tree')
->withRecursiveExpression('tree', $query)
->get();
```
#### Materialized Expressions
Use `withMaterializedExpression()`/`withNonMaterializedExpression()` for (non-)materialized expressions (PostgreSQL,
SQLite):
```php
$posts = DB::table('p')
->select('p.*', 'u.name')
->withMaterializedExpression('p', DB::table('posts'))
->withNonMaterializedExpression('u', function ($query) {
$query->from('users');
})
->join('u', 'u.id', '=', 'p.user_id')
->get();
```
#### Custom Columns
You can provide the expression's columns as the third argument:
```php
$query = 'select 1 union all select number + 1 from numbers where number < 10';
$numbers = DB::table('numbers')
->withRecursiveExpression('numbers', $query, ['number'])
->get();
```
#### Cycle Detection
[MariaDB 10.5.2+](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/with/#cycle-restrict)
and [PostgreSQL 14+](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/queries-with.html#QUERIES-WITH-CYCLE) support native cycle
detection to prevent infinite loops in recursive expressions. Provide the column(s) that indicate(s) a cycle as the
third argument to `withRecursiveExpressionAndCycleDetection()`:
```php
$query = DB::table('users')
->whereNull('parent_id')
->unionAll(
DB::table('users')
->select('users.*')
->join('tree', 'tree.id', '=', 'users.parent_id')
);
$tree = DB::table('tree')
->withRecursiveExpressionAndCycleDetection('tree', $query, 'id')
->get();
```
On PostgreSQL, you can customize the name of the column that shows whether a cycle has been detected and the name of the
column that tracks the path:
```php
$tree = DB::table('tree')
->withRecursiveExpressionAndCycleDetection('tree', $query, 'id', 'is_cycle', 'path')
->get();
```
### INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE Queries
You can use common table expressions in `INSERT`, `UPDATE` and `DELETE` queries:
```php
DB::table('profiles')
->withExpression('u', DB::table('users')->select('id', 'name'))
->insertUsing(['user_id', 'name'], DB::table('u'));
```
```php
DB::table('profiles')
->withExpression('u', DB::table('users'))
->join('u', 'u.id', '=', 'profiles.user_id')
->update(['profiles.name' => DB::raw('u.name')]);
```
```php
DB::table('profiles')
->withExpression('u', DB::table('users')->where('active', false))
->whereIn('user_id', DB::table('u')->select('id'))
->delete();
```
### Eloquent
You can use common table expressions in Eloquent queries.
In Laravel 5.5–5.7, this requires the `QueriesExpressions` trait:
```php
class User extends Model
{
use \Staudenmeir\LaravelCte\Eloquent\QueriesExpressions;
}
$query = User::whereNull('parent_id')
->unionAll(
User::select('users.*')
->join('tree', 'tree.id', '=', 'users.parent_id')
);
$tree = User::from('tree')
->withRecursiveExpression('tree', $query)
->get();
```
#### Recursive Relationships
If you want to implement recursive relationships, you can use this
package: [staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list](https://github.com/staudenmeir/laravel-adjacency-list)
### Package Conflicts
- `staudenmeir/eloquent-eager-limit`: Replace both packages
with [staudenmeir/eloquent-eager-limit-x-laravel-cte](https://github.com/staudenmeir/eloquent-eager-limit-x-laravel-cte)
to use them on the same model.
### Lumen
If you are using Lumen, you have to instantiate the query builder manually:
```php
$builder = new \Staudenmeir\LaravelCte\Query\Builder(app('db')->connection());
$result = $builder->from(...)->withExpression(...)->get();
```
In Eloquent, the `QueriesExpressions` trait is required for *all* versions of Lumen.
## Contributing
Please see [CONTRIBUTING](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md) and [CODE OF CONDUCT](.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) for details.